Principles of crop rotation, cropping patterns and types of farming Part 1
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Question No. 1
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Which of the following is a primary principle of crop rotation?
A.
Planting crops with similar nutrient requirements in succession to maximize nutrient uptake.
B.
Growing the same crop year after year to improve soil structure.
C.
Alternating between deep-rooted and shallow-rooted crops.
D.
Avoiding leguminous crops as they deplete soil nitrogen.
Question No. 2
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Mono-cropping, the practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, can lead to:
A.
An increase in the population of beneficial insects.
B.
A significant improvement in soil organic matter.
C.
A higher susceptibility to pest and disease outbreaks.
D.
Reduced need for chemical fertilizers.
Question No. 3
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A farmer plants maize and beans together in the same field, with the beans climbing the maize stalks. This is an example of:
A.
Multiple cropping
B.
Mono-cropping
C.
Intercropping
D.
Dry farming
Question No. 4
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Dry farming is a suitable agricultural practice for regions characterized by:
A.
High annual rainfall and humidity.
B.
Abundant irrigation facilities.
C.
Low and erratic rainfall.
D.
Waterlogged soil conditions.
Question No. 5
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What is the main objective of an Integrated Farming System (IFS)?
A.
To specialize in the production of a single high-value crop.
B.
To maximize the use of external inputs like chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
C.
To integrate different agricultural enterprises for optimal resource utilization and recycling of farm waste.
D.
To completely eliminate the use of machinery in farming.
Question No. 6
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In the context of natural farming, what is 'Jeevamrit'?
A.
A type of chemical pesticide.
B.
A genetically modified seed variety.
C.
A fermented microbial culture used to enhance soil fertility.
D.
A method of rainwater harvesting.
Question No. 7
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Relay cropping is a form of:
A.
Mono-cropping
B.
Multiple cropping
C.
Alley cropping
D.
Shifting cultivation
Question No. 8
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A major advantage of crop rotation is the breaking of pest and disease cycles. How does this occur?
A.
By providing a continuous food source for pests.
B.
By increasing the genetic diversity of the host plants.
C.
By creating a more favorable environment for pathogens.
D.
By removing the specific host plant for a period, disrupting the life cycle of the pest or pathogen.
Question No. 9
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Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of mono-cropping?
A.
Increased biodiversity in the farm ecosystem.
B.
Reduced soil erosion.
C.
Depletion of specific nutrients from the soil.
D.
Lower overall yield compared to other systems.
Question No. 10
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A farmer in a dry region wants to conserve soil moisture. Which of the following practices would be most effective?
A.
Clean cultivation by removing all crop residues.
B.
Deep tillage immediately after rainfall.
C.
Applying a layer of mulch on the soil surface.
D.
Frequent and light irrigation.
Question No. 11
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The concept of 'zero-budget natural farming' emphasizes:
A.
Maximizing profits by taking large bank loans for farm inputs.
B.
Minimizing the cost of production by using on-farm resources and avoiding synthetic inputs.
C.
A farming system that generates no income.
D.
Solely relying on government subsidies for farming.
Question No. 12
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Intercropping can lead to a reduction in weed infestation because:
A.
The dense canopy of multiple crops can suppress weed growth.
B.
It promotes the growth of specific weeds that are beneficial.
C.
The crops release chemicals that kill all other plants.
D.
Weeds are manually removed more frequently in intercropping systems.
Question No. 13
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Which of the following crop sequences in a rotation is most beneficial for soil health?
A.
Rice - Wheat - Maize
B.
Sugarcane - Ratoon Sugarcane - Wheat
C.
Groundnut - Wheat - Mungbean
D.
Cotton - Cotton - Fallow
Question No. 14
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Integrated farming systems often lead to more stable farm incomes. Why?
A.
The farmer specializes in a single commodity with a guaranteed high price.
B.
The system completely eliminates the risk of crop failure.
C.
Diversification of farm enterprises provides multiple sources of income, reducing the risk of complete loss from the failure of a single enterprise.
D.
Government provides fixed income support to farmers practicing IFS.
Question No. 15
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What is 'Beejamrit' used for in natural farming?
A.
As a foliar spray to control pests.
B.
To treat seeds before sowing to protect them from diseases.
C.
As a primary source of nitrogen for the soil.
D.
To improve the water holding capacity of the soil.
Question No. 16
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What is a key characteristic of dryland farming crops?
A.
They have a very high water requirement.
B.
They are typically short-duration and drought-tolerant.
C.
They are grown in standing water.
D.
They are exclusively perennial fruit crops.
Question No. 17
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Growing different crops in a pre-planned succession on the same piece of land is known as:
A.
Mixed cropping
B.
Crop rotation
C.
Intercropping
D.
Mono-cropping
Question No. 18
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of Natural Farming?
A.
No-tillage or minimum tillage.
B.
Use of chemical fertilizers to boost initial growth.
C.
Mulching with crop residues.
D.
Use of microbial inoculants like Jeevamrit.
Question No. 19
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A farmer plants four rows of wheat and then two rows of mustard in the same field. This arrangement is an example of:
A.
Strip intercropping
B.
Relay cropping
C.
Mixed cropping
D.
Sequential cropping
Question No. 20
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The integration of trees, crops, and livestock on the same plot of land is a component of:
A.
Agroforestry, a type of integrated farming.
B.
Industrial agriculture.
C.
Hydroponics.
D.
Monoculture.
Question No. 21
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What is a significant environmental benefit of practicing crop rotation?
A.
Increased greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.
B.
Higher rates of soil erosion due to frequent tillage.
C.
Reduced need for synthetic pesticides and herbicides.
D.
Depletion of groundwater resources.
Question No. 22
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In which type of farming system is the recycling of nutrients from animal waste to crops a central concept?
A.
Chemical farming
B.
Integrated farming
C.
Corporate farming
D.
Precision farming
Question No. 23
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Which of the following cropping patterns is most likely to enhance biodiversity on a farm?
A.
Mono-cropping of wheat
B.
Intercropping of maize, beans, and squash
C.
A large plantation of a single fruit crop
D.
Continuous rice cultivation
Question No. 24
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The practice of leaving agricultural land uncultivated for one or more seasons is known as:
A.
Fallowing
B.
Leaching
C.
Tillage
D.
Weeding
Question No. 25
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Natural farming advocates the use of 'Acchadana' or mulching. What is its primary purpose?
A.
To increase soil temperature.
B.
To prevent the growth of beneficial microbes.
C.
To conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds.
D.
To expose the soil to direct sunlight.
Question No. 26
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Which type of farming is most vulnerable to the vagaries of monsoon rainfall?
A.
Irrigated farming
B.
Dry farming
C.
Hydroponics
D.
Greenhouse farming
Question No. 27
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Planting a leguminous crop like alfalfa before a cereal crop like wheat is a common practice in crop rotation. What is the main reason for this?
A.
Alfalfa repels all pests that attack wheat.
B.
Alfalfa adds organic matter and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, which benefits the subsequent wheat crop.
C.
Alfalfa requires the same nutrients as wheat, making the rotation easier to manage.
D.
Alfalfa has a deeper root system, which prevents the growth of wheat.
Question No. 28
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The 'System of Rice Intensification' (SRI) is often considered a move towards more sustainable agriculture because it:
A.
Requires continuous flooding of the rice paddies.
B.
Promotes the use of younger seedlings and intermittent irrigation, reducing water use.
C.
Relies heavily on chemical fertilizers for high yields.
D.
Is a form of mono-cropping with no crop rotation.
Question No. 29
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What is a potential socio-economic challenge of shifting from mono-cropping to intercropping?
A.
It always leads to a lower total income per hectare.
B.
It may require more complex management skills and labor for sowing and harvesting different crops.
C.
It reduces the nutritional security of the farming family.
D.
It is not supported by any agricultural research institutions.
Question No. 30
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The term 'Waaphasa' in the context of natural farming refers to:
A.
The practice of flood irrigation.
B.
The condition of the soil having a balance of air and water vapor for optimal root growth.
C.
A specific type of green manure crop.
D.
The use of earthworms for composting.
Question No. 31
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Which of the following is an example of a cropping pattern, not a type of farming?
A.
Dry farming
B.
Integrated farming
C.
Rice-Wheat rotation
D.
Natural farming
Question No. 32
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Why is deep ploughing generally avoided in dry farming areas?
A.
It leads to excessive weed growth.
B.
It brings moist soil to the surface, causing rapid moisture loss.
C.
It makes the soil too compact for root penetration.
D.
It is too expensive for dryland farmers.
Question No. 33
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An integrated farming system that combines fish farming with rice cultivation is known as:
A.
Rice-Fish culture
B.
Apiculture
C.
Sericulture
D.
Vermiculture
Question No. 34
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The use of 'Neemastra' in natural farming is primarily for:
A.
Enhancing soil microbial activity.
B.
Providing micronutrients to the plants.
C.
Managing insect pests and some diseases.
D.
Improving the soil's water holding capacity.
Question No. 35
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A farmer grows cotton, a crop that heavily depletes soil nutrients, year after year in the same field. This is a classic example of the unsustainability of:
A.
Crop rotation
B.
Intercropping
C.
Mono-cropping
D.
Integrated farming
Question No. 36
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Which of the following is a key advantage of multiple cropping?
A.
It simplifies farm management.
B.
It reduces the total labor requirement for the year.
C.
It increases the cropping intensity and total production from a given piece of land.
D.
It is only suitable for large, mechanized farms.
Question No. 37
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The selection of crops for a rotation schedule should ideally consider:
A.
Crops from the same family to maintain soil health.
B.
Crops with different rooting depths, nutrient requirements, and pest susceptibilities.
C.
Only crops that have a high market value, irrespective of their impact on the soil.
D.
Crops that all mature at the same time to simplify harvesting.
Question No. 38
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What is a primary environmental concern associated with the heavy use of chemical fertilizers in conventional mono-cropping?
A.
Enrichment of soil with a wide range of beneficial microbes.
B.
Leaching of nitrates into groundwater, causing pollution.
C.
Improvement in the natural biodiversity of the area.
D.
Reduction in the carbon footprint of agriculture.
Question No. 39
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In an integrated farming system, the droppings from a poultry unit can be used as:
A.
Direct feed for cattle.
B.
Fuel for the farmhouse.
C.
Manure for the crops or feed for a fish pond.
D.
A primary building material.
Question No. 40
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Why are drought-resistant crop varieties crucial for the success of dry farming?
A.
They can grow without any water.
B.
They possess mechanisms to survive and produce some yield under water-scarce conditions.
C.
They require more water than normal varieties but give higher yields.
D.
They are immune to all pests and diseases.
Question No. 41
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The practice of growing two or more crops together without any specific row pattern is called:
A.
Strip intercropping
B.
Mixed cropping
C.
Relay cropping
D.
Sole cropping
Question No. 42
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Which statement best describes the philosophy of Natural Farming?
A.
Maximizing yield at any cost using advanced technology.
B.
Working in harmony with natural ecosystems and using on-farm resources to manage soil health and pests.
C.
Relying solely on rainfall and not using any form of irrigation.
D.
Exclusively growing crops for export markets.
Question No. 43
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A farmer plants a sequence of Maize (Kharif season) -> Potato (Rabi season) -> Onion (Zaid season) on the same field within a year. This is an example of:
A.
Sequential cropping under multiple cropping.
B.
Intercropping.
C.
Mono-cropping.
D.
Relay cropping.
Question No. 44
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The primary purpose of growing cover crops, which is often a principle in sustainable farming systems, is:
A.
To generate a high cash income.
B.
To protect the soil from erosion, improve soil health, and suppress weeds.
C.
To attract more pests to the main crop.
D.
To deplete the soil of all its nutrients before planting the main crop.
Question No. 45
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How does an integrated farming system contribute to reducing pollution?
A.
By increasing the use of plastic mulch and other non-biodegradable materials.
B.
By promoting the burning of crop residues to clear the field quickly.
C.
By recycling farm wastes, thereby reducing the need for off-farm inputs and preventing the accumulation of waste.
D.
By encouraging the discharge of animal waste into nearby water bodies.
Question No. 46
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In a dryland farming scenario, which of the an following would be a poor choice for a primary crop?
A.
Sorghum (Jowar)
B.
Pearl Millet (Bajra)
C.
Paddy Rice
D.
Chickpea (Gram)
Question No. 47
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Alley cropping is a specialized form of intercropping where:
A.
Crops are grown in the alleys between rows of trees or shrubs.
B.
Crops are grown in concentric circles.
C.
Two crops are mixed and broadcasted randomly.
D.
A tall crop is grown to provide support to a climbing crop.
Question No. 48
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The 'Four Wheels of Natural Farming' as conceptualized by Subhash Palekar are Jeevamrit, Beejamrit, Acchadana (Mulching), and:
A.
Tillage (Ploughing)
B.
Waaphasa (Soil Aeration)
C.
Chemical Fertilizers
D.
Hybrid Seeds
Question No. 49
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A significant economic risk of specializing in mono-cropping is:
A.
The need for diverse types of farm machinery.
B.
The stability of income due to a single, reliable crop.
C.
The high cost of labor for managing multiple crops.
D.
The vulnerability to price fluctuations of a single commodity in the market.
Question No. 50
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Which of the following best explains the concept of 'synergy' in an Integrated Farming System?
A.
Different components of the farm compete with each other for resources, leading to lower overall output.
B.
The total output of the integrated system is less than the sum of the individual outputs of its components.
C.
The interaction between different components (e.g., crops and livestock) creates a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects.
D.
Each farm enterprise is managed in complete isolation from the others.
Question No. 51
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Contour ploughing and terracing are soil conservation techniques especially important in:
A.
Dry farming in hilly or sloped areas.
B.
Wetland rice cultivation.
C.
Greenhouse farming.
D.
Hydroponics.
Question No. 52
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What is the role of leguminous crops in improving soil fertility?
A.
They release toxins that kill harmful soil bacteria.
B.
They have very deep roots that break up compacted soil layers.
C.
They host symbiotic bacteria (Rhizobium) in their root nodules that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
D.
They are highly efficient at extracting phosphorus from the soil.
Question No. 53
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Which of the following is a primary characteristic of Natural Farming?
A.
It is highly dependent on market-purchased inputs.
B.
It aims to enhance biodiversity and biological cycles on the farm.
C.
It focuses on maximizing short-term yields, even at the expense of long-term soil health.
D.
It promotes the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Question No. 54
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Growing wheat after harvesting paddy from the same field in the same year is a common example of which cropping system in India?
A.
Rice-Wheat cropping system, a form of multiple cropping.
B.
Mixed cropping of rice and wheat.
C.
Intercropping of rice and wheat.
D.
A single crop system.
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