Principles of crop rotation, cropping patterns and types of farming Part 2
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Question No. 1
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The allelopathic effect, a consideration in crop rotation, refers to:
A.
The beneficial effect of one plant on another through nutrient sharing.
B.
The ability of a plant to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
C.
The chemical inhibition of one plant by another through the release of biochemicals.
D.
The physical support one plant provides to another, like in vine climbing.
Question No. 2
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A farmer practices 'temporal intercropping'. What does this mean?
A.
Crops are grown in different strips or alleys.
B.
The crops are of similar duration and are sown and harvested at the same time.
C.
The crops are sown at the same time but their peak nutrient demands and harvesting times are different.
D.
Crops are grown in different seasons sequentially.
Question No. 3
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What is a primary criticism or challenge associated with the strict 'no-tillage' principle of natural farming?
A.
It always increases soil erosion.
B.
It can lead to an initial increase in weed pressure and can be difficult to manage without herbicides.
C.
It drastically reduces the soil's water holding capacity.
D.
It is only suitable for sandy soils.
Question No. 4
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In an Integrated Farming System (IFS), how does the livestock component typically contribute to crop production?
A.
By competing with crops for land and water resources.
B.
By providing draft power for tillage and manure for soil fertility.
C.
By compacting the soil, which reduces crop yield.
D.
By attracting pests that also attack the crops.
Question No. 5
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The 'cropping intensity' of a farm is 150%. What does this signify?
A.
The farmer is using 150% of the recommended fertilizer dose.
B.
150% of the farm area is cultivated, which is impossible.
C.
The farmer is growing one crop and a second crop on half the area of the farm within the same year.
D.
The farm's total yield is 150% higher than the national average.
Question No. 6
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Why is a 'catch crop' included in some crop rotation plans?
A.
It is a main crop grown for maximum profit.
B.
It is a fast-growing crop grown between two main crops to utilize a short idle period and prevent weeds.
C.
It is a crop planted specifically to attract and trap pests.
D.
It is a crop that is never harvested but ploughed back into the soil.
Question No. 7
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Which of the following farming types has the highest reliance on external, synthetic inputs?
A.
Natural Farming
B.
Organic Farming
C.
Conventional Mono-cropping
D.
Integrated Farming
Question No. 8
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The term 'ratooning' refers to:
A.
A method of irrigation used in dry farming.
B.
A harvesting technique for leafy vegetables.
C.
Allowing the stubble of a harvested crop to grow back and produce a second crop.
D.
A specific type of intercropping with three different crops.
Question No. 9
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A major reason for practicing intercropping is to achieve a higher 'Land Equivalent Ratio' (LER). What does an LER of 1.2 signify?
A.
The intercropping system is 20% less efficient than growing the crops separately.
B.
A farmer needs 20% more land to produce the same yield with monocultures as they can with the intercrop.
C.
The two crops in the intercrop are competing so heavily that their combined yield is reduced.
D.
The total land used is 1.2 hectares.
Question No. 10
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What is a key difference between Natural Farming and certified Organic Farming?
A.
Natural Farming allows the use of some chemical pesticides, while Organic Farming does not.
B.
Organic Farming often permits the use of purchased organic inputs (like compost, bio-pesticides), while Natural Farming emphasizes creating all inputs on the farm itself.
C.
Natural Farming is focused on exports, while Organic Farming is for domestic consumption.
D.
There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable.
Question No. 11
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In dry farming, 'dust mulching' refers to the practice of:
A.
Applying a thick layer of industrial dust to the field.
B.
Covering the field with plastic sheets to create dust.
C.
Creating a shallow, loose layer of soil on the surface to break capillary action and reduce moisture evaporation.
D.
Importing dust from desert areas to improve soil texture.
Question No. 12
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A farmer wants to plant a 'trap crop' to protect their main cotton crop from the bollworm pest. Which of the following would be a good choice?
A.
Wheat
B.
Okra (Bhindi)
C.
Rice
D.
Sugarcane
Question No. 13
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Which of the following is a potential socio-economic advantage of Integrated Farming Systems (IFS)?
A.
It simplifies farm management to a single activity.
B.
It increases the year-round engagement of farm labor, leading to better livelihood security.
C.
It guarantees a fixed price for all farm produce.
D.
It eliminates the need for any form of marketing.
Question No. 14
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The rotation of 'deep-rooted crops' with 'shallow-rooted crops' is recommended primarily to:
A.
Ensure that only the topsoil nutrients are used.
B.
Prevent soil compaction in the lower layers.
C.
Improve nutrient uptake from different soil strata and enhance soil structure.
D.
Make irrigation easier for all the crops in the rotation.
Question No. 15
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In a 'relay intercropping' system, the second crop is planted:
A.
Several months after the first crop is harvested.
B.
In a completely different field from the first crop.
C.
Before the first crop is harvested, in the later stages of its growth.
D.
At the exact same time as the first crop.
Question No. 16
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Which statement accurately describes a potential challenge of mechanization in intercropping systems?
A.
Mechanization is always easier in intercropping than in mono-cropping.
B.
Using machines for weeding or harvesting can be difficult due to different crop heights, row spacing, and maturation times.
C.
Intercropping systems do not require any machines.
D.
All crops in an intercropping system must be harvested by hand.
Question No. 17
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The concept of 'fallowing' land is a traditional method to:
A.
Increase soil erosion.
B.
Introduce new pests into the soil.
C.
Restore soil fertility and moisture, and break pest cycles.
D.
Prepare the land for constructing buildings.
Question No. 18
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Why is the inclusion of livestock in a farming system often considered a step towards greater sustainability?
A.
Livestock produce greenhouse gases, which is a benefit.
B.
Livestock convert crop residues and by-products, which may be inedible to humans, into valuable products like milk, meat, and manure.
C.
Livestock require large amounts of chemical inputs.
D.
Livestock farming is entirely separate from crop farming.
Question No. 19
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A farmer in a semi-arid region of India is most likely to adopt which type of farming?
A.
Paddy cultivation
B.
Hydroponics
C.
Dryland farming
D.
Shifting cultivation
Question No. 20
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Which of the following is a direct consequence of long-term mono-cropping of a single cereal crop?
A.
An increase in soil nitrogen content.
B.
A buildup of specific soil-borne pathogens and a decline in soil organic matter.
C.
A natural increase in the diversity of beneficial insects.
D.
The soil becomes more resistant to wind and water erosion.
Question No. 21
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The practice of 'Zaid' cropping in India fits into which broader category?
A.
Multiple Cropping
B.
Mono-cropping
C.
Fallowing
D.
Ranching
Question No. 22
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What is the primary role of 'mulch' in water conservation for agriculture?
A.
It increases the rate of water runoff from the field.
B.
It reduces evaporation of water from the soil surface.
C.
It absorbs rainwater, preventing it from reaching the soil.
D.
It helps in pumping more groundwater for irrigation.
Question No. 23
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In crop rotation, why is it advisable to avoid planting crops from the same family in succession (e.g., potato followed by tomato)?
A.
Because they have very different growth habits.
B.
Because they are often susceptible to the same pests and diseases.
C.
Because they have different market values.
D.
Because one is a root vegetable and the other is a fruit.
Question No. 24
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What is a defining feature of an 'Integrated Farming System' (IFS)?
A.
Exclusive focus on off-farm inputs.
B.
Specialization in a single cash crop.
C.
Synergistic combination of different farm enterprises.
D.
Complete avoidance of modern technology.
Question No. 25
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of intercropping?
A.
Better use of resources like sunlight, water, and nutrients.
B.
Suppression of weeds and some pests.
C.
Guaranteed higher market price for the produce compared to monoculture.
D.
Risk minimization against the failure of one crop.
Question No. 26
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The Green Revolution of the 1960s, while increasing yields, promoted a system that resembled:
A.
Integrated Farming
B.
Natural Farming
C.
Mono-cropping of high-yielding varieties
D.
Agroforestry
Question No. 27
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A farming system where crops are grown without irrigation, relying solely on residual soil moisture and rainfall is called:
A.
Rainfed farming
B.
Irrigated farming
C.
Precision agriculture
D.
Hydroponics
Question No. 28
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The practice of growing crops in narrow strips along the contours of a slope is called:
A.
Strip Cropping
B.
Relay Cropping
C.
Check Basin Irrigation
D.
Ratooning
Question No. 29
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A farmer notices that their soil is becoming very compact and water infiltration is low. Which crop in a rotation would be most helpful in alleviating this problem?
A.
Shallow-rooted lettuce
B.
Fibrous-rooted wheat
C.
Deep-rooted alfalfa or pigeon pea
D.
Rice grown in puddled soil
Question No. 30
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What is the main ecological principle behind the success of natural pest control in a diverse intercropping system?
A.
The system attracts a higher number of pests overall.
B.
The presence of multiple plant species provides habitats and food for natural enemies of pests (predators and parasitoids).
C.
All plants in an intercrop release chemicals that are toxic to all insects.
D.
The farmer uses more chemical pesticides in an intercropping system.
Question No. 31
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Why is minimizing tillage a core principle in dry farming?
A.
To bring deeper, dry soil to the surface.
B.
To conserve the limited moisture present in the soil profile.
C.
To increase the cost of cultivation.
D.
To promote the growth of weeds.
Question No. 32
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In an integrated fish-cum-duck farming system, what is the role of the ducks?
A.
They eat the fish.
B.
They help in aerating the water and their droppings fertilize the pond, promoting the growth of fish food.
C.
They guard the pond against predators.
D.
They clean the pond by drinking all the water.
Question No. 33
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Which of the following best represents a sequence in a crop rotation designed to manage soil nutrients sustainably?
A.
Maize -> Wheat -> Pearl Millet
B.
Cotton -> Sorghum -> Cotton
C.
Soybean (legume) -> Maize (cereal) -> Fallow
D.
Sugarcane -> Ratoon Sugarcane -> Ratoon Sugarcane
Question No. 34
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What does 'mono-cropping' mean in agricultural terms?
A.
Growing only one type of crop in a region.
B.
The practice of cultivating a single crop species on the same land year after year.
C.
Growing crops without any use of fertilizers.
D.
Growing crops in a single, straight line.
Question No. 35
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A farmer who integrates beekeeping (apiculture) with their fruit orchard is practicing a form of:
A.
Integrated Farming
B.
Mono-cropping
C.
Shifting Cultivation
D.
Ranching
Question No. 36
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The primary advantage of 'sequential cropping' over 'fallowing' is:
A.
It improves soil health by giving it rest.
B.
It increases the cropping intensity and total annual farm production.
C.
It reduces the need for irrigation.
D.
It requires less labor and management.
Question No. 37
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In the context of 'natural farming', what does the principle of 'no-tillage' seek to preserve?
A.
The pristine, uncultivated look of the land.
B.
The natural soil structure, microbial life, and organic matter that are often destroyed by ploughing.
C.
The population of specific, harmful weeds.
D.
The compacted nature of the soil.
Question No. 38
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A key environmental benefit of replacing a chemical-intensive monoculture with a diverse crop rotation is:
A.
An increase in the farm's carbon footprint.
B.
A significant reduction in water pollution from fertilizer and pesticide runoff.
C.
The complete eradication of all insect life from the farm.
D.
A decrease in the soil's organic matter content.
Question No. 39
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Why might a farmer choose to intercrop a tall, sun-loving crop like sorghum with a shorter, shade-tolerant crop like cowpea?
A.
To ensure both crops get maximum, direct sunlight.
B.
To maximize competition between the two crops for resources.
C.
To efficiently utilize different vertical layers of sunlight, thereby increasing the overall productivity of the land.
D.
To make mechanical harvesting easier.
Question No. 40
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The 'Jeevamrit' formulation in natural farming is not a source of nutrients in the chemical sense but is primarily considered a/an:
A.
Inoculant to multiply native microbial populations in the soil.
B.
Chemical fertilizer to provide NPK directly to the plant.
C.
Herbicide to kill all weeds.
D.
Growth hormone to artificially increase plant size.
Question No. 41
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Which factor is most critical for the success of farming in an arid region with less than 250mm of annual rainfall?
A.
Selection of water-intensive crops.
B.
Application of heavy doses of nitrogen fertilizer.
C.
Efficient moisture conservation and use of drought-hardy crops.
D.
Frequent and deep ploughing of the soil.
Question No. 42
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A farmer plants potatoes. After some weeks, but before harvesting the potatoes, the farmer sows maize seeds between the potato rows. This is a classic example of:
A.
Relay Cropping
B.
Strip Cropping
C.
Mono-cropping
D.
Fallowing
Question No. 43
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Which of the following cropping patterns offers the least insurance against total crop failure due to a specific pest outbreak?
A.
Intercropping
B.
Mixed Cropping
C.
Crop Rotation
D.
Mono-cropping
Question No. 44
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The integration of forestry and agriculture, such as growing trees in and around crop fields, is known as:
A.
Aquaculture
B.
Agroforestry
C.
Horticulture
D.
Monoculture
Question No. 45
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What is a major challenge in adopting a complex crop rotation schedule for a smallholder farmer?
A.
It always leads to lower yields.
B.
It requires careful planning, knowledge of different crops, and potentially complex market linkages.
C.
It makes the soil less fertile over time.
D.
It is impossible to mechanize any part of it.
Question No. 46
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In a dry farming system, crops are often planted with wider spacing than in irrigated systems. Why?
A.
To make the field look aesthetically pleasing.
B.
To reduce the plant population per unit area, so there is less competition for the limited soil moisture.
C.
To encourage more weed growth between the rows.
D.
To make it easier to drive large tractors.
Question No. 47
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Which farming system places the highest emphasis on closing the nutrient loop on the farm itself?
A.
Industrial Agriculture
B.
Conventional Farming
C.
Integrated Farming System
D.
Export-oriented Farming
Question No. 48
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The practice of growing a leguminous green manure crop like Sunn Hemp and then ploughing it into the soil is a method to:
A.
Increase the market value of the land.
B.
Add organic matter and nitrogen to the soil.
C.
Remove all nutrients from the soil.
D.
Sterilize the soil to kill all microbes.
Question No. 49
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A farming system that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals but may use off-farm organic inputs like certified compost or rock phosphate is best described as:
A.
Natural Farming
B.
Conventional Farming
C.
Organic Farming
D.
Chemical Farming
Question No. 50
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What is a primary benefit of multi-storey cropping, for example, in a coconut-pepper-pineapple system?
A.
It simplifies harvesting as all crops are ready at once.
B.
It increases competition for sunlight, reducing overall yield.
C.
It allows for the efficient harvesting of solar energy at different vertical strata.
D.
It is a low-input system that requires no management.
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