Importance of seeds, types of seeds and their production methods Part 1
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Question No. 1
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What is the primary function of a seed for a plant?
A.
To attract pollinators
B.
To store water for the parent plant
C.
To protect and nourish the embryo for future growth
D.
To provide structural support to the plant
Question No. 2
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A seed that has two cotyledons is classified as a:
A.
Monocot
B.
Dicot
C.
Albuminous
D.
Exalbuminous
Question No. 3
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Which part of the seed develops into the root system of the new plant?
A.
Plumule
B.
Radicle
C.
Cotyledon
D.
Endosperm
Question No. 4
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What is the primary purpose of the endosperm in a seed?
A.
To protect the seed from physical damage
B.
To store food for the developing embryo
C.
To facilitate pollination
D.
To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
Question No. 5
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Heirloom seeds are known for being:
A.
Genetically modified for higher yields
B.
A result of crossing two different parent plants
C.
Open-pollinated and passed down through generations
D.
Always more resistant to diseases than hybrid seeds
Question No. 6
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What is a key advantage of hybrid seeds for farmers?
A.
They can be saved and replanted each year with the same results
B.
They are typically less expensive than heirloom seeds
C.
They often exhibit 'hybrid vigor,' leading to higher yields and uniformity
D.
They promote genetic diversity in the field
Question No. 7
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Genetically Modified (GM) seeds are created through:
A.
Selective breeding of the best-performing plants
B.
Natural open-pollination in a controlled environment
C.
Crossing two different species of plants in the field
D.
Introducing a specific gene into a plant's DNA in a laboratory
Question No. 8
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What does the term 'open-pollination' mean in seed production?
A.
Pollination is done by hand in a closed environment
B.
Pollination occurs naturally by wind, insects, or other animals
C.
The flowers of the plant never open, ensuring self-pollination
D.
Only genetically identical plants are allowed to pollinate each other
Question No. 9
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Which of the following is an example of a monocotyledonous seed?
A.
Bean
B.
Pea
C.
Corn
D.
Mango
Question No. 10
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Albuminous seeds are those in which:
A.
The endosperm is absent in the mature seed
B.
The endosperm persists in the mature seed and provides nourishment
C.
The cotyledons are the primary food storage organs
D.
The seed coat is very thin and permeable
Question No. 11
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Exalbuminous seeds, like beans, store their food primarily in the:
A.
Endosperm
B.
Radicle
C.
Cotyledons
D.
Seed coat
Question No. 12
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The process of producing hybrid seeds involves:
A.
Saving seeds from the best plants of a single variety
B.
Allowing a field of plants to naturally cross-pollinate
C.
Controlled cross-pollination between two different parent varieties
D.
Exposing seeds to radiation to induce mutations
Question No. 13
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A primary concern with GMO crops is:
A.
The inability to produce high yields
B.
The potential for cross-pollination with wild relatives
C.
Their uniform taste and texture
D.
Their short shelf life
Question No. 14
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What is the primary role of seed banks?
A.
To sell seeds to farmers at a subsidized rate
B.
To genetically modify seeds for improved traits
C.
To preserve genetic diversity by storing seeds from various plants
D.
To test the germination rates of new seed varieties
Question No. 15
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Seed certification is a process that ensures:
A.
The seeds are organic and free from chemicals
B.
The seeds have a high market price
C.
The genetic identity and purity of the seeds meet certain standards
D.
The seeds will germinate in any soil condition
Question No. 16
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What is seed dormancy?
A.
A state where the seed is dead and cannot germinate
B.
A condition where the seed is unable to germinate even under favorable conditions
C.
The process of a seed developing into a seedling
D.
The maturation of a seed on the parent plant
Question No. 17
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Which of the following is a method to break seed dormancy?
A.
Keeping the seeds in a dark and dry place
B.
Exposing the seeds to high humidity
C.
Stratification (cold, moist treatment)
D.
Planting the seeds deeper in the soil
Question No. 18
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Why can't seeds from hybrid plants be saved and replanted with the same results?
A.
The seeds are sterile and will not grow
B.
The resulting plants will be genetically identical to the parent
C.
The offspring will show a wide and unpredictable range of traits from the grandparent generation
D.
The seeds are legally protected by patents
Question No. 19
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The cotyledon in a dicot seed serves what primary purpose before the seedling can photosynthesize?
A.
Water absorption
B.
Reproduction
C.
Food storage
D.
Anchorage
Question No. 20
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What is the function of the seed coat?
A.
To produce food for the embryo
B.
To absorb water and nutrients from the soil
C.
To protect the embryo and endosperm from damage and desiccation
D.
To attract animals for seed dispersal
Question No. 21
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An advantage of open-pollinated varieties for home gardeners is:
A.
The plants are always more productive than hybrids
B.
The seeds can be saved and will produce plants true to the parent type
C.
The seeds are guaranteed to be disease-free
D.
The plants require less water
Question No. 22
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The production of certified 'breeder seed' is the responsibility of the:
A.
Government certification agency
B.
Individual farmer
C.
Sponsoring plant breeder or institution
D.
Seed distribution company
Question No. 23
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Which environmental factor is NOT essential for the germination of most seeds?
A.
Water (moisture)
B.
Oxygen
C.
Appropriate temperature
D.
Sunlight
Question No. 24
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How does a GMO approach to pest resistance, like in Bt cotton, work?
A.
The plant is sprayed with a pesticide during its growth
B.
The plant's genetics are altered to produce a protein that is toxic to certain insects
C.
The seeds are coated with a chemical that repels pests
D.
The plant is cross-bred with a naturally pest-resistant wild relative
Question No. 25
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The term 'viability' in relation to seeds refers to:
A.
The size and weight of the seed
B.
The ability of the seed to germinate under favorable conditions
C.
The nutritional content of the seed
D.
The color of the seed coat
Question No. 26
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What is a potential disadvantage of heirloom seeds compared to modern hybrids?
A.
They often have a less desirable flavor
B.
They may have lower and less uniform yields
C.
They are not adaptable to different climates
D.
They cannot be grown using organic methods
Question No. 27
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Which class of seed is the direct progeny of 'foundation seed' in the seed certification process?
A.
Breeder Seed
B.
Certified Seed
C.
Registered Seed
D.
Truthfully Labelled Seed
Question No. 28
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The process of removing off-type or undesirable plants from a seed production field is called:
A.
Thinning
B.
Weeding
C.
Roguing
D.
Harvesting
Question No. 29
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Why is seed dispersal important for plant populations?
A.
It ensures all seeds land in the same nutrient-rich spot
B.
It reduces competition between the parent plant and its offspring
C.
It guarantees that all seeds will germinate
D.
It makes harvesting easier for humans
Question No. 30
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A farmer wants to grow a crop with a specific combination of traits, such as disease resistance from one parent and high yield from another. Which type of seed would be the most predictable choice to achieve this?
A.
Heirloom
B.
Open-pollinated
C.
Hybrid (F1)
D.
GMO
Question No. 31
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What distinguishes an albuminous seed from an exalbuminous seed?
A.
The number of cotyledons
B.
The presence or absence of a persistent endosperm at maturity
C.
The color of the seed coat
D.
The method of pollination
Question No. 32
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The scutellum in a maize (corn) grain is a modified:
A.
Radicle
B.
Plumule
C.
Endosperm
D.
Cotyledon
Question No. 33
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Which of the following represents the correct sequence of seed classes in a formal seed production program?
A.
Certified -> Foundation -> Breeder -> Registered
B.
Breeder -> Foundation -> Registered -> Certified
C.
Foundation -> Breeder -> Certified -> Registered
D.
Registered -> Certified -> Breeder -> Foundation
Question No. 34
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What is a primary ecological benefit of maintaining high seed biodiversity?
A.
It makes all plants taste the same
B.
It increases the resilience of agriculture to pests, diseases, and climate change
C.
It guarantees that every seed will produce a high yield
D.
It simplifies the process of seed production
Question No. 35
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What is the main reason that the Svalbard Global Seed Vault is located in a remote, cold, and stable environment?
A.
To make it a popular tourist destination
B.
To ensure the long-term, secure preservation of the world's crop diversity, even in the face of global catastrophes
C.
To conduct experiments on seed germination in extreme cold
D.
To be close to the world's major agricultural centers
Question No. 36
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If a plant is 'dioecious,' how would this affect its seed production method?
A.
It would always self-pollinate
B.
It would require cross-pollination between separate male and female plants
C.
It would only produce sterile seeds
D.
It would not require pollination to produce seeds
Question No. 37
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The hilum on a seed represents the:
A.
Point of entry for the pollen tube
B.
Scar where the seed was attached to the ovary wall (placenta)
C.
Opening through which water is absorbed
D.
Embryonic shoot
Question No. 38
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How does 'hybrid vigor' or heterosis benefit a plant?
A.
It makes the plant smaller and more manageable
B.
It often results in increased size, growth rate, fertility, and yield compared to the parents
C.
It ensures the plant is genetically identical to its parents
D.
It reduces the plant's need for water and nutrients
Question No. 39
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Truthfully labelled seed' is a class of seed in some countries where:
A.
The seed has passed all the rigorous standards of certification
B.
The seed producer themselves is responsible for truthfully stating the quality parameters on the label
C.
The seed is guaranteed to be 100% pure and have 100% germination
D.
The seed is a mixture of many different varieties
Question No. 40
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The coleoptile in a monocot seed has the function of:
A.
Storing food for the young seedling
B.
Developing into the primary root
C.
Protecting the embryonic shoot (plumule) as it emerges through the soil
D.
Absorbing water for germination
Question No. 41
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A farmer notices that some of his corn plants in a seed production plot are shedding pollen when they are supposed to be female parents. What is the immediate action required during roguing?
A.
Remove all the surrounding plants
B.
Add more fertilizer to the plants
C.
Detassel the pollen-shedding plants immediately
D.
Increase the irrigation to the field
Question No. 42
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Which is a key difference between open-pollinated (OP) and F1 hybrid seed production?
A.
OP seed production requires no isolation, while F1 hybrid production does
B.
OP production results in genetically uniform seeds, while F1 hybrids are diverse
C.
OP seeds can be saved and will breed true-to-type, while F1 hybrid seeds will not
D.
OP seeds are always more expensive than F1 hybrid seeds
Question No. 43
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What is the 'isolation distance' in seed production?
A.
The distance the seed can be thrown from the parent plant
B.
The depth at which the seed should be planted
C.
The minimum distance a seed crop must be from other varieties of the same crop to prevent cross-pollination
D.
The space between individual plants in a row
Question No. 44
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What is the primary objective of treating seeds with fungicides before planting?
A.
To provide nutrients to the seed
B.
To break seed dormancy
C.
To protect the seed and seedling from soil-borne and seed-borne diseases
D.
To increase the size of the seed
Question No. 45
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The development of a seed without fertilization is known as:
A.
Parthenocarpy
B.
Apomixis
C.
Vivipary
D.
Dormancy
Question No. 46
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From a biodiversity perspective, what is a major advantage of promoting the use of diverse heirloom varieties?
A.
It guarantees higher yields for all farmers
B.
It helps preserve a wide range of genetic traits that may be useful in the future
C.
It simplifies the seed certification process
D.
It eliminates the need for seed banks
Question No. 47
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What does a seed germination test primarily determine?
A.
The genetic purity of the seed lot
B.
The percentage of seeds that are capable of producing normal seedlings under optimal conditions
C.
The amount of moisture in the seeds
D.
The number of weed seeds present in the sample
Question No. 48
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In the context of seed production, what does 'genetic purity' refer to?
A.
The seed is free from any physical impurities like dirt or stones
B.
The seed is free from any disease-causing organisms
C.
The percentage of seeds in a lot that conforms to the characteristics of the variety
D.
The seed has been produced using organic methods only
Question No. 49
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Why is a dry, cool environment crucial for the long-term storage of most orthodox seeds?
A.
It encourages the seeds to germinate quickly
B.
It prevents the seeds from being eaten by insects
C.
It slows down the seed's metabolic processes and respiration rate, thus preserving its viability
D.
It increases the nutritional value of the seeds
Question No. 50
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What is vivipary in seeds?
A.
The ability of a seed to remain dormant for many years
B.
The germination of a seed while it is still attached to the parent plant
C.
A type of seed dispersal by water
D.
The production of seeds without an embryo
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