Insects, pests and diseases of major crops and their management Part 2

Question No. 1 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the causal organism of red rot disease in sugarcane?

A. *Xanthomonas axonopodis* pv. *citri*
B. *Colletotrichum falcatum*
C. *Puccinia striiformis* f.sp. *tritici*
D. *Ustilago scitaminea*

Question No. 2 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'dead heart' and 'white ear' symptoms in rice are characteristic of an attack by which pest?

A. Green leafhopper
B. Brown planthopper
C. Stem borer
D. Gundhi bug

Question No. 3 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a systemic insecticide, meaning it is absorbed and translocated by the plant?

A. Cypermethrin
B. Chlorpyrifos
C. Imidacloprid
D. Deltamethrin

Question No. 4 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) primarily emphasizes:

A. Total eradication of pests using chemical pesticides.
B. Relying solely on biological control methods.
C. A sustainable approach that combines multiple control tactics to minimize risks.
D. Using genetically modified crops as the only solution.

Question No. 5 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) in okra is primarily transmitted by:

A. Aphids
B. Whiteflies (*Bemisia tabaci*)
C. Thrips
D. Leafhoppers

Question No. 6 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'hopperburn' symptom in rice, characterized by the yellowing and drying of plants, is caused by:

A. Rice hispa
B. Brown planthopper (*Nilaparvata lugens*)
C. Yellow stem borer
D. Leaf folder

Question No. 7 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a well-known biological control agent used against the cotton bollworm complex?

A. *Trichogramma chilonis*
B. Ladybird beetle
C. Dragonfly
D. Praying mantis

Question No. 8 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary mode of action of organophosphate insecticides like Chlorpyrifos?

A. Sodium channel modulation
B. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
C. Chitin synthesis inhibition
D. Disruption of the midgut membrane

Question No. 9 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Loose smut of wheat, caused by *Ustilago tritici*, is a type of disease that is primarily:

A. Soil-borne
B. Air-borne
C. Seed-borne
D. Water-borne

Question No. 10 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a classic symptom of zinc deficiency in many crops, including maize and rice?

A. Interveinal chlorosis of older leaves
B. Yellowing of the entire plant
C. 'White bud' or stunted growth with white or yellow streaks on the upper leaves
D. Tip burning of leaves

Question No. 11 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'tundu' disease of wheat is caused by a complex of:

A. A fungus and an insect
B. A bacterium and a nematode
C. A virus and a fungus
D. Two different fungi

Question No. 12 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a common weed in both rice and wheat fields in India?

A. *Phalaris minor*
B. *Echinochloa crus-galli*
C. *Chenopodium album*
D. All of the above

Question No. 13 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The management strategy of 'detrashing' in sugarcane, which involves removing the lower dry and green leaves, is primarily done to control:

A. Red rot
B. Internode borer and scale insects
C. Termites
D. Smut disease

Question No. 14 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Bacterial blight of cotton, also known as 'black arm', is caused by which pathogen?

A. *Xanthomonas axonopodis* pv. *malvacearum*
B. *Pseudomonas syringae*
C. *Erwinia amylovora*
D. *Ralstonia solanacearum*

Question No. 15 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the Economic Threshold Level (ETL) for a pest?

A. The pest population density at which the pest is completely eradicated.
B. The pest population density at which natural enemies start to control the pest.
C. The pest population density at which control measures should be applied to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic injury level.
D. The highest pest population density a crop can tolerate without any yield loss.

Question No. 16 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of Mango Malformation Disease?

A. Formation of bunchy, sterile inflorescences.
B. Shortening of internodes in vegetative shoots, leading to a 'bunchy top' appearance.
C. Profuse oozing of gum from the main trunk and branches.
D. Thickened and distorted leaves in the affected shoots.

Question No. 17 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'grassy shoot' disease of sugarcane is caused by a:

A. Fungus
B. Bacterium
C. Virus
D. Phytoplasma

Question No. 18 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a cultural method of pest control?

A. Spraying of insecticides
B. Release of parasitoids
C. Crop rotation
D. Use of pheromone traps

Question No. 19 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The American bollworm (*Helicoverpa armigera*), a major pest of cotton, belongs to which insect order?

A. Coleoptera
B. Lepidoptera
C. Hemiptera
D. Diptera

Question No. 20 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a primary symptom of citrus canker, a bacterial disease?

A. White powdery growth on leaves
B. Raised, corky lesions with a watery margin and yellow halo on leaves, stems, and fruits
C. Wilting of the entire plant
D. Mosaic patterns on the leaves

Question No. 21 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the main purpose of using pheromone traps in an IPM program?

A. To kill all the male insects in a field.
B. To monitor the population of a specific pest and for mass trapping.
C. To attract and kill female insects.
D. To repel all kinds of pests from the field.

Question No. 22 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The fungus *Puccinia striiformis* f.sp. *tritici* is responsible for which disease in wheat?

A. Loose smut
B. Karnal bunt
C. Yellow rust (Stripe rust)
D. Powdery mildew

Question No. 23 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the damaging stage of the white grub, a major soil pest?

A. Adult beetle
B. Pupa
C. Nymph
D. Larva (grub)

Question No. 24 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a biological control agent for the weed *Parthenium hysterophorus* (Congress grass)?

A. *Neochetina eichhorniae*
B. *Zygogramma bicolorata*
C. *Cryptolaemus montrouzieri*
D. *Trichoderma viride*

Question No. 25 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary reason for avoiding excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers in pest management?

A. It makes the plants taste bad to insects.
B. It makes the plant tissues soft and succulent, which is more attractive to many sucking pests and diseases.
C. It directly kills the beneficial insects.
D. It changes the soil pH, making it unsuitable for pests.

Question No. 26 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a post-harvest pest that infests stored grains?

A. Termite
B. Aphid
C. Rice weevil (*Sitophilus oryzae*)
D. Cutworm

Question No. 27 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What does 'antixenosis' in a host plant refer to in the context of pest resistance?

A. The plant produces toxins that kill the insect.
B. The plant's physical or chemical characteristics deter or prevent the insect from feeding or ovipositing.
C. The plant can tolerate the pest damage without significant yield loss.
D. The plant adversely affects the biology of the insect after it has fed on it.

Question No. 28 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'Karnal bunt' of wheat, which gives a fishy smell to the infected grains, is caused by:

A. A bacterium
B. A virus
C. A fungus (*Tilletia indica*)
D. A nematode

Question No. 29 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a common symptom of iron deficiency in plants?

A. Uniform yellowing of the entire plant.
B. Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves.
C. Purple discoloration of older leaves.
D. Stunted growth with dark green leaves.

Question No. 30 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the vector for Citrus Greening disease (Huanglongbing - HLB)?

A. Whitefly
B. Aphid
C. Asian Citrus Psyllid (*Diaphorina citri*)
D. Leafhopper

Question No. 31 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The term 'mycoherbicide' refers to:

A. A chemical herbicide derived from a fungus.
B. A fungus used for the biological control of weeds.
C. An insecticide that is also effective against fungi.
D. A plant extract that has herbicidal properties.

Question No. 32 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the causal organism of bacterial leaf blight of rice?

A. *Pseudomonas syringae* pv. *oryzae*
B. *Xanthomonas oryzae* pv. *oryzae*
C. *Erwinia carotovora*
D. *Ralstonia solanacearum*

Question No. 33 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is an example of a cultural practice for managing soil-borne diseases?

A. Soil solarization
B. Spraying fungicides
C. Drenching with bactericides
D. Releasing predatory nematodes

Question No. 34 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The pink bollworm (*Pectinophora gossypiella*) is a serious pest of which crop?

A. Maize
B. Rice
C. Cotton
D. Sugarcane

Question No. 35 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'contact' insecticide?

A. It is absorbed and translocated throughout the plant.
B. It must be ingested by the pest to be effective.
C. It kills the pest upon direct contact with its body.
D. It only affects the nervous system of the pest.

Question No. 36 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'whip' like structure covered with black powdery spores in sugarcane is a symptom of which disease?

A. Red rot
B. Wilt
C. Smut
D. Grassy shoot

Question No. 37 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary symptom of Powdery Mildew disease on most plants?

A. Dark, water-soaked lesions on leaves.
B. White or grayish powdery fungal growth on the surface of leaves, stems, and flowers.
C. Yellow mosaic patterns on the leaves.
D. Stunted growth with severe wilting.

Question No. 38 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The fall armyworm (*Spodoptera frugiperda*), an invasive pest, is a major threat to which of the following crops in India?

A. Wheat
B. Rice
C. Maize
D. Soybean

Question No. 39 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a non-chemical method of weed control?

A. Application of herbicides
B. Stale seedbed technique
C. Use of pre-emergence weedicides
D. Foliar application of weed killers

Question No. 40 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the causal agent of potato late blight, a disease of historical significance?

A. *Alternaria solani*
B. *Phytophthora infestans*
C. *Fusarium oxysporum*
D. *Verticillium dahliae*

Question No. 41 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The vector of tomato leaf curl virus is typically:

A. Aphid
B. Thrips
C. Jassid
D. Whitefly

Question No. 42 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a common symptom of nitrogen deficiency in plants?

A. Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves
B. General chlorosis (yellowing), starting from the older, lower leaves
C. Dark green foliage with stunted growth
D. Leaf tip burn on young leaves

Question No. 43 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary method of spread for bacterial canker of pomegranate?

A. Through the soil
B. Wind-driven rain and contaminated pruning tools
C. Through insect vectors
D. Through infected seeds

Question No. 44 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is NOT a principle of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

A. Monitoring and identification of pests
B. Setting action thresholds
C. Prevention of pest problems
D. Scheduled calendar-based pesticide application

Question No. 45 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The 'rosetting' symptom in cotton, where there is a proliferation of vegetative buds leading to a bunchy appearance, is caused by:

A. Pink bollworm
B. Cotton aphid
C. Mealybug
D. Spotted bollworm

Question No. 46 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which group of herbicides is known for its effectiveness against grassy weeds like *Phalaris minor* in wheat?

A. 2,4-D
B. Glyphosate
C. Sulfosulfuron
D. Atrazine

Question No. 47 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary damage caused by the pulse beetle (*Callosobruchus chinensis*)?

A. It feeds on the leaves of pulse crops in the field.
B. It damages the roots of pulse plants.
C. It infests and damages stored pulse grains, making them unfit for consumption.
D. It transmits viral diseases to pulse crops.

Question No. 48 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The term 'biofumigation' refers to the:

A. Use of fumigants derived from biological sources.
B. The release of volatile toxic compounds from the decomposition of certain plant materials (e.g., brassicas) to control soil-borne pests and diseases.
C. The application of beneficial microbes that produce fumigant-like substances.
D. A method of fumigating storage godowns using natural products.

Question No. 49 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a common symptom of potassium (K) deficiency in plants?

A. Yellowing along the margins and tips of older leaves, often referred to as 'scorch'.
B. Uniform pale green color of the whole plant.
C. Stunted growth with dark, bluish-green leaves.
D. Interveinal chlorosis of the youngest leaves.

Question No. 50 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the main advantage of using biopesticides over conventional chemical pesticides?

A. They have a very broad spectrum of activity, killing all insects.
B. They are generally more persistent in the environment.
C. They are usually less toxic to non-target organisms, including humans and beneficial insects, and are more environmentally friendly.
D. They always provide faster knockdown of pests.

Question No. 51 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which insect is a vector for the Tungro virus disease in rice?

A. Brown Planthopper
B. Whitebacked Planthopper
C. Green Leafhopper
D. Rice Gall Midge

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