Insects, pests and diseases of major crops and their management Part 3
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Question No. 1
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Downy mildew of maize is caused by which pathogen?
A.
*Helminthosporium maydis*
B.
*Puccinia sorghi*
C.
*Peronosclerospora sorghi*
D.
*Ustilago maydis*
Question No. 2
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The 'Silver Shoot' or 'Onion Leaf' symptom in rice is caused by the attack of which insect?
A.
Rice Hispa
B.
Leaf Folder
C.
Gall Midge (*Orseolia oryzae*)
D.
Whorl Maggot
Question No. 3
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Which of the following is an example of an insect growth regulator (IGR) that disrupts the molting process in insects?
A.
Imidacloprid
B.
Spinosad
C.
Buprofezin
D.
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Question No. 4
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What is the primary purpose of 'roguing' in disease management?
A.
Applying pesticides to infected plants.
B.
Improving soil aeration around plants.
C.
Removing and destroying infected or off-type plants from a field.
D.
Harvesting the crop early to avoid disease.
Question No. 5
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Clubroot of crucifers (e.g., cabbage, mustard) is caused by a soil-borne organism named:
A.
*Plasmodiophora brassicae*
B.
*Albugo candida*
C.
*Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*
D.
*Xanthomonas campestris* pv. *campestris*
Question No. 6
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The term 'viruliferous' refers to an insect vector that is:
A.
Resistant to a particular virus.
B.
Naturally immune to all plant viruses.
C.
Actively carrying and capable of transmitting a plant virus.
D.
Susceptible to being killed by a plant virus.
Question No. 7
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Which of the following is a major storage pest of pulses, often referred to as 'dhora'?
A.
Khapra Beetle
B.
Lesser Grain Borer
C.
Pulse Beetle (*Callosobruchus* spp.)
D.
Angoumois Grain Moth
Question No. 8
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What is the main advantage of 'seed treatment' as a method of pest and disease control?
A.
It controls pests and diseases throughout the entire life of the crop.
B.
It requires a large quantity of pesticide per unit area.
C.
It protects the plant at its most vulnerable seedling stage with a minimal amount of pesticide.
D.
It is the only effective method for controlling soil-borne pests.
Question No. 9
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Anthracnose, a disease causing dark, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits of many crops like beans and mangoes, is caused by fungi of the genus:
A.
*Erysiphe*
B.
*Puccinia*
C.
*Ustilago*
D.
*Colletotrichum*
Question No. 10
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Which of the following is a physical method of pest control?
A.
Crop rotation
B.
Hand picking of insects
C.
Release of predators
D.
Spraying neem oil
Question No. 11
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Ergot of bajra (pearl millet), which produces toxic alkaloids in the sclerotia, is caused by:
A.
*Tolyposporium penicillariae*
B.
*Claviceps fusiformis*
C.
*Sclerospora graminicola*
D.
*Puccinia penniseti*
Question No. 12
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'selective' herbicide?
A.
It kills all plants it comes in contact with.
B.
It is effective only when applied to the soil.
C.
It kills target weed species without significantly harming the main crop.
D.
It only works on broad-leaved plants.
Question No. 13
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The 'shoot and fruit borer' (*Leucinodes orbonalis*) is a monophagous pest that primarily infests:
A.
Tomato
B.
Cotton
C.
Brinjal (Eggplant)
D.
Okra
Question No. 14
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What is the 'Bordeaux mixture', a historically significant fungicide, composed of?
A.
Sulphur and Lime
B.
Copper sulphate, Lime, and Water
C.
Zinc sulphate and Lime
D.
Potassium permanganate and Water
Question No. 15
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The 'Khaira' disease of rice, characterized by reddish-brown patches on leaves, is caused by the deficiency of which nutrient?
A.
Iron
B.
Manganese
C.
Zinc
D.
Copper
Question No. 16
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Which pest is known for scraping the chlorophyll from the leaf surface, leading to characteristic white, membranous patches, and is often called the 'rice scraper'?
A.
Leaf Folder
B.
Rice Hispa (*Dicladispa armigera*)
C.
Case Worm
D.
Green Leafhopper
Question No. 17
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What is the causal organism of Tikka disease (leaf spot) of groundnut?
A.
*Puccinia arachidis*
B.
*Cercospora arachidicola* and *Cercosporidium personatum*
C.
*Aspergillus niger*
D.
*Sclerotium rolfsii*
Question No. 18
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The concept of 'trap cropping' involves:
A.
Planting a crop that is highly attractive to a pest around the main crop to lure the pest away.
B.
Using traps with chemical lures to capture pests.
C.
Growing a crop that is toxic to pests.
D.
Planting a crop that physically traps the pest.
Question No. 19
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Which of the following diseases is transmitted by an aphid vector?
A.
Citrus Canker
B.
Potato Leaf Roll Virus
C.
Grape Downy Mildew
D.
Wheat Loose Smut
Question No. 20
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The diamondback moth (*Plutella xylostella*) is a notorious pest of which group of crops?
A.
Solanaceous crops (tomato, potato)
B.
Cucurbits (gourds, melons)
C.
Cruciferous crops (cabbage, cauliflower)
D.
Legumes (beans, peas)
Question No. 21
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What is 'antibiosis' in the context of host plant resistance?
A.
The plant's physical characteristics deter the insect.
B.
The plant has an adverse effect on the biology (e.g., survival, growth, reproduction) of the insect that feeds on it.
C.
The plant is unattractive to the pest for feeding or oviposition.
D.
The plant can withstand pest damage and still produce a reasonable yield.
Question No. 22
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White rust of crucifers, characterized by white, shiny pustules on leaves and stems, is caused by:
A.
*Erysiphe cruciferarum*
B.
*Peronospora parasitica*
C.
*Albugo candida*
D.
*Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*
Question No. 23
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Which of the following is a 'systemic' herbicide?
A.
Paraquat
B.
Diquat
C.
Glyphosate
D.
Propanil
Question No. 24
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The 'gundhi bug' (*Leptocorisa acuta*) damages the rice crop by:
A.
Boring into the stem.
B.
Cutting the plant at the base.
C.
Sucking the sap from developing grains at the milky stage.
D.
Creating galls on the leaves.
Question No. 25
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Which of the following is an abiotic disorder, not caused by a living organism?
A.
Mango Malformation
B.
Blossom End Rot of Tomato
C.
Citrus Greening
D.
Downy Mildew of Grapes
Question No. 26
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What is the mode of action of spinosad, a biologically derived insecticide?
A.
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
B.
Sodium channel modulation
C.
Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
D.
Disruption of GABA receptors
Question No. 27
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The 'Katte' or 'Marble' disease of cardamom is a viral disease transmitted by:
A.
Whiteflies
B.
Thrips
C.
Banana Aphid (*Pentalonia nigronervosa*)
D.
Mealybugs
Question No. 28
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Which of the following is a common broad-spectrum, contact fungicide used to control a wide range of foliar diseases?
A.
Streptomycin
B.
Carbendazim
C.
Mancozeb
D.
Validamycin
Question No. 29
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A farmer notices that after several years of using the same insecticide, it is no longer effective against a particular pest. This phenomenon is known as:
A.
Pest resurgence
B.
Pest resistance
C.
Pest replacement
D.
Pest tolerance
Question No. 30
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What is the primary management strategy for bacterial wilt of tomato, caused by *Ralstonia solanacearum*?
A.
Frequent foliar sprays of fungicides.
B.
Use of resistant rootstocks and crop rotation.
C.
Application of high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers.
D.
Spraying with systemic insecticides.
Question No. 31
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Which of the following pests is an arachnid, not an insect?
A.
Thrips
B.
Aphid
C.
Spider Mite
D.
Whitefly
Question No. 32
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The 'mal-secco' disease, which causes sectorial yellowing and dieback of twigs in citrus, is caused by the fungus:
A.
*Phoma tracheiphila*
B.
*Colletotrichum gloeosporioides*
C.
*Guignardia citricarpa*
D.
*Elsinoë fawcettii*
Question No. 33
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The practice of flooding fields before planting rice primarily helps in controlling:
A.
Brown planthoppers
B.
Stem borers
C.
Weeds and some soil-borne pests
D.
Gundhi bugs
Question No. 34
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Which of the following is a bacterium used as a biopesticide to control lepidopteran larvae like the cabbage looper and tomato hornworm?
A.
*Trichoderma viride*
B.
*Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt)
C.
*Beauveria bassiana*
D.
*Metarhizium anisopliae*
Question No. 35
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What is 'pest resurgence'?
A.
The rapid reappearance of a pest population, often in higher numbers than before, after a pesticide application.
B.
The development of resistance in a pest population.
C.
A secondary pest becoming a major problem.
D.
The natural decline of a pest population.
Question No. 36
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The guava wilt disease, a serious problem in many orchards, is primarily caused by fungi of the genus:
A.
*Alternaria*
B.
*Cercospora*
C.
*Fusarium*
D.
*Puccinia*
Question No. 37
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Which of the following is a quarantine pest for India?
A.
Cotton Bollworm
B.
Rice Stem Borer
C.
Khapra Beetle (*Trogoderma granarium*)
D.
Mustard Aphid
Question No. 38
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The term 'etiolation' refers to:
A.
The yellowing of plant tissue due to lack of light.
B.
The yellowing of plant tissue due to a nutrient deficiency.
C.
The wilting of a plant due to water stress.
D.
The development of purple coloration due to phosphorus deficiency.
Question No. 39
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What is the mode of transmission for the Bunchy Top Virus of Banana?
A.
Mechanically through sap
B.
Through the soil
C.
By the banana aphid, *Pentalonia nigronervosa*
D.
Through infected seeds
Question No. 40
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Which of the following chemical groups of insecticides is considered 'biorational' due to its specificity and low impact on non-target organisms?
A.
Organophosphates
B.
Carbamates
C.
Synthetic Pyrethroids
D.
Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)
Question No. 41
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The 'False Smut' of rice, characterized by the transformation of individual grains into large, velvety green or yellowish-orange spore balls, is caused by:
A.
*Ustilaginoidea virens*
B.
*Tilletia barclayana*
C.
*Magnaporthe oryzae*
D.
*Sarocladium oryzae*
Question No. 42
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In Integrated Pest Management (IPM), what is meant by 'Conservation Biological Control'?
A.
Introducing natural enemies from another region to control a pest.
B.
Periodically releasing large numbers of natural enemies.
C.
Implementing practices that protect and enhance the populations of existing natural enemies.
D.
Using only biological pesticides.
Question No. 43
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What is the most characteristic symptom of a phytoplasma infection in a plant?
A.
Leaf spots
B.
Root rot
C.
Witches' broom (proliferation of shoots) and yellowing
D.
Gummosis
Question No. 44
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Which of the following is a parasitic weed that attaches to the roots of crops like sorghum, maize, and sugarcane?
A.
*Cuscuta* (Dodder)
B.
*Striga* (Witchweed)
C.
*Orobanche* (Broomrape)
D.
*Lantana camara*
Question No. 45
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The pheromone used in traps for the pink bollworm attracts which stage and sex of the insect?
A.
Female moths
B.
Male moths
C.
Larvae
D.
Both male and female moths
Question No. 46
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A 'systemic acquired resistance' (SAR) in plants is:
A.
A localized defense response right at the point of infection.
B.
A broad-spectrum, long-lasting resistance throughout the plant that is induced by an initial localized infection.
C.
An inherited resistance present in a plant variety from birth.
D.
A resistance conferred by a direct application of a chemical.
Question No. 47
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Which of the following is a major vector for spreading Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV)?
A.
Whiteflies
B.
Leafhoppers
C.
Mealybugs
D.
Aphids
Question No. 48
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The practice of 'earthing up' in crops like potato and sugarcane helps in:
A.
Controlling foliar diseases.
B.
Providing mechanical support, covering tubers/setts, and managing some pests like potato tuber moth.
C.
Attracting pollinators.
D.
Improving foliar nutrient absorption.
Question No. 49
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Which of the following is a 'post-emergence' herbicide?
A.
Pendimethalin
B.
Alachlor
C.
2,4-D
D.
Fluchloralin
Question No. 50
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Dieback of twigs followed by the appearance of shot-hole symptoms on leaves and fruits of stone fruits like peach and apricot is characteristic of which disease?
A.
Powdery Mildew
B.
Coryneum Blight (Shot Hole Disease)
C.
Crown Gall
D.
Leaf Curl
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