Seed Development
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Question No. 1
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What are the three main components of a true seed?
A.
Pollen, ovule, and stigma
B.
Embryo, stored material, and protective coats
C.
Anther, filament, and connective
D.
Zygote, endosperm, and testa
Question No. 2
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Which process involves the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower?
A.
Cross-pollination
B.
Allogamy
C.
Self-pollination
D.
Xenogamy
Question No. 3
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What type of flowers remain closed and promote efficient self-pollination?
A.
Chasmogamous flowers
B.
Cleistogamous flowers
C.
Hermaphrodite flowers
D.
Perfect flowers
Question No. 4
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How many male nuclei participate in the fertilization process in angiosperms?
A.
One
B.
Three
C.
Two
D.
Four
Question No. 5
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What is the ploidy level of the primary endosperm nucleus?
A.
Haploid
B.
Diploid
C.
Triploid
D.
Tetraploid
Question No. 6
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Which crops are examples of self-pollinated species?
A.
Maize and rye
B.
Cotton and pigeonpea
C.
Wheat and rice
D.
Carrot and onion
Question No. 7
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What enzyme do pollen tubes secrete to dissolve intercellular substances in the style?
A.
Amylase
B.
Cellulase
C.
Pectinase
D.
Protease
Question No. 8
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How many cells are present in a mature embryosac?
A.
Six
B.
Seven
C.
Eight
D.
Nine
Question No. 9
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What prevents self-pollination when male and female organs mature at different times?
A.
Herkogamy
B.
Heterostyly
C.
Dichogamy
D.
Self-sterility
Question No. 10
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Which pollination agent represents anemophily?
A.
Insects
B.
Wind
C.
Birds
D.
Water
Question No. 11
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What structure in grass embryos functions as an absorptive organ?
A.
Coleoptile
B.
Coleorrhiza
C.
Scutellum
D.
Radicle
Question No. 12
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In which type of endosperm development does free nuclear division occur without immediate cell wall formation?
A.
Cellular
B.
Helobial
C.
Nuclear
D.
Syncytial
Question No. 13
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What percentage of cross-pollination typically occurs in often-cross-pollinated crops?
A.
5-15%
B.
10-40%
C.
50-70%
D.
80-95%
Question No. 14
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Which cell division pattern characterizes the first zygotic division in dicots?
A.
Longitudinal
B.
Transverse
C.
Oblique
D.
Radial
Question No. 15
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What happens to endosperm reserves in non-endospermic dicot seeds?
A.
They increase in quantity
B.
They remain unchanged
C.
They are depleted and transferred to cotyledons
D.
They form additional storage organs
Question No. 16
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Which structure protects the emerging shoot in grass seedlings?
A.
Scutellum
B.
Coleorrhiza
C.
Coleoptile
D.
Mesocotyl
Question No. 17
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What determines the dorsiventral symmetry in grass embryo development?
A.
Cell size differences
B.
Oblique cell wall positioning
C.
Nuclear migration patterns
D.
Hormone gradients
Question No. 18
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In bitegmic ovules, what can happen to the inner integument during seed coat formation?
A.
It always forms the seed coat
B.
It may disintegrate completely
C.
It becomes the endosperm
D.
It develops into the embryo
Question No. 19
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What is the primary function of synergids in the embryosac?
A.
Nutrient storage
B.
Facilitating fertilization
C.
Forming the seed coat
D.
Producing hormones
Question No. 20
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Which type of pollination ensures genetic diversity in plant populations?
A.
Self-pollination
B.
Cross-pollination
C.
Cleistogamy
D.
Apomixis
Question No. 21
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What structural adaptation prevents self-pollination through physical barriers?
A.
Dichogamy
B.
Herkogamy
C.
Self-sterility
D.
Heterostyly
Question No. 22
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Which cells form the suspensor during embryo development?
A.
Apical cell derivatives
B.
Basal cell derivatives
C.
Polar nuclei derivatives
D.
Synergid derivatives
Question No. 23
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What is the fate of antipodal cells during seed development?
A.
They form the embryo
B.
They develop into endosperm
C.
They typically degenerate
D.
They become seed coat
Question No. 24
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Which pollination mechanism is represented by ornithophily?
A.
Wind pollination
B.
Water pollination
C.
Bird pollination
D.
Insect pollination
Question No. 25
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What distinguishes helobial endosperm development from other types?
A.
Only nuclear divisions occur
B.
Only cellular divisions occur
C.
Both free nuclear and cellular phases are present
D.
No divisions occur
Question No. 26
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In cereals, what lies between the starchy endosperm and scutellum?
A.
Aleurone layer
B.
Depleted endosperm layer
C.
Pericarp
D.
Testa
Question No. 27
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What triggers pollen grain germination on the stigma?
A.
Temperature changes
B.
Substances secreted by stigma surface
C.
Moisture absorption
D.
Light exposure
Question No. 28
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Which mechanism ensures cross-pollination in plants with flowers of different style lengths?
A.
Dichogamy
B.
Herkogamy
C.
Heterostyly
D.
Self-sterility
Question No. 29
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What is the primary advantage of cleistogamous flowers?
A.
Attracting more pollinators
B.
Guaranteed self-pollination
C.
Producing larger seeds
D.
Extended flowering period
Question No. 30
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Which process immediately follows successful pollen tube entry into the embryosac?
A.
Endosperm formation
B.
Double fertilization
C.
Seed coat development
D.
Embryo maturation
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