Soil Science 1
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Question No. 1
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The word 'Soil' originates from which Latin word?
A.
Solum
B.
Terra
C.
Humus
D.
Lithos
Question No. 2
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Which of the following best defines soil?
A.
A static mineral deposit
B.
A dynamic natural body composed of minerals, organic matter, and living organisms
C.
Weathered rock fragments
D.
A mixture of sand, silt, and clay
Question No. 3
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What is the study of soil properties in relation to plant growth, nutrition, and yield called?
A.
Pedology
B.
Ecology
C.
Edaphology
D.
Geology
Question No. 4
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From which Greek words is the term 'Edaphology' derived?
A.
Pedon and Logos
B.
Solum and Logos
C.
Edaphos and Logos
D.
Terra and Logos
Question No. 5
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What is the focus of Pedology?
A.
Plant nutrition
B.
Soil formation, classification, and description
C.
Soil microbiology
D.
Soil chemistry
Question No. 6
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Who is considered the father of Pedology?
A.
C.F. Marbut
B.
Hans Jenny
C.
V.V. Dokuchaev
D.
Eugene W. Hilgard
Question No. 7
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Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?
A.
Igneous
B.
Sedimentary
C.
Metamorphic
D.
Organic
Question No. 8
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Granite is an example of which type of rock?
A.
Sedimentary
B.
Metamorphic
C.
Igneous
D.
Organic
Question No. 9
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Limestone is an example of which type of rock?
A.
Metamorphic
B.
Igneous
C.
Sedimentary
D.
Volcanic
Question No. 10
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Marble is a metamorphic rock derived from which parent rock?
A.
Granite
B.
Sandstone
C.
Limestone
D.
Shale
Question No. 11
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Gneiss is a metamorphic rock derived from which parent rock?
A.
Limestone
B.
Sandstone
C.
Granite
D.
Shale
Question No. 12
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Quartzite is a metamorphic rock derived from which parent rock?
A.
Shale
B.
Limestone
C.
Sandstone
D.
Granite
Question No. 13
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Slate is a metamorphic rock derived from which parent rock?
A.
Sandstone
B.
Limestone
C.
Shale
D.
Granite
Question No. 14
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Which mineral is primarily composed of silica (SiO2)?
A.
Feldspar
B.
Mica
C.
Quartz
D.
Clay
Question No. 15
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Quartz constitutes approximately what percentage of the earth's crust?
A.
10%
B.
25%
C.
36%
D.
48%
Question No. 16
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Rocks containing abundant free silica are called:
A.
Basic rocks
B.
Acid rocks
C.
Neutral rocks
D.
Sedimentary rocks
Question No. 17
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Which mineral is the most abundant in the earth's crust?
A.
Quartz
B.
Mica
C.
Feldspar
D.
Clay
Question No. 18
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Feldspars weather easily and give rise to which material?
A.
Quartz
B.
Mica
C.
Clay
D.
Sand
Question No. 19
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Which type of mica is white, clear, and transparent?
A.
Biotite
B.
Muscovite
C.
Amphibole
D.
Serpentine
Question No. 20
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Biotite is what type of mica?
A.
White mica
B.
Black mica
C.
Transparent mica
D.
Silicate mica
Question No. 21
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Soil formation primarily occurs through:
A.
Volcanic activity
B.
Weathering of rocks and minerals
C.
Tectonic plate movement
D.
Deposition of sediments
Question No. 22
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Approximately how long does it take to form one inch of soil?
A.
10-20 years
B.
50-100 years
C.
800-1000 years
D.
5000-10000 years
Question No. 23
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According to Jenny, soil properties are determined by which factors?
A.
Passive, Active, and Natural
B.
Physical, Chemical, and Biological
C.
Climate, Organisms, and Topography
D.
Parent Material, Time, and Relief
Question No. 24
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Which of the following is considered a passive factor in soil formation?
A.
Climate
B.
Organisms
C.
Parent material
D.
Time
Question No. 25
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Which of the following is considered an active factor in soil formation?
A.
Relief
B.
Parent Material
C.
Climate
D.
Time
Question No. 26
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Which of the following is considered a natural factor in soil formation?
A.
Organisms
B.
Climate
C.
Time
D.
Parent Material
Question No. 27
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What is a soil profile?
A.
A horizontal cross-section of the soil
B.
A vertical section of the soil through all its horizons
C.
A map of soil types in an area
D.
A chemical analysis of the soil
Question No. 28
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Which horizon is the organic horizon in a soil profile?
A.
A horizon
B.
B horizon
C.
C horizon
D.
O horizon
Question No. 29
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Which horizon is the topmost mineral horizon in a soil profile?
A.
B horizon
B.
C horizon
C.
A horizon
D.
O horizon
Question No. 30
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Which horizon is the zone of maximum leaching in a soil profile?
A.
B horizon
B.
C horizon
C.
A horizon
D.
O horizon
Question No. 31
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Which horizon is the zone of maximum accumulation of materials in a soil profile?
A.
A horizon
B.
C horizon
C.
B horizon
D.
O horizon
Question No. 32
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Which horizon is the unconsolidated material underlying the B horizon?
A.
A horizon
B.
O horizon
C.
C horizon
D.
R horizon
Question No. 33
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The A horizon is also known as the:
A.
Illuvial horizon
B.
Eluvial horizon
C.
Organic horizon
D.
Subsoil
Question No. 34
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The B horizon is also known as the:
A.
Eluvial horizon
B.
Illuvial horizon
C.
Organic horizon
D.
Topsoil
Question No. 35
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Which sub-horizon of the A horizon is richest in organic matter?
A.
A2
B.
E
C.
A1
D.
AB
Question No. 36
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Which sub-horizon of the A horizon is the zone of maximum eluviation?
A.
A1
B.
AB
C.
E
D.
B
Question No. 37
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The AB horizon is a:
A.
Zone of accumulation
B.
Transition horizon
C.
Organic horizon
D.
Parent material
Question No. 38
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What accumulates in the B horizon?
A.
Organic matter
B.
Clay, iron, and aluminum oxides
C.
Sand and silt
D.
Calcium carbonate
Question No. 39
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Which horizon is sometimes referred to as the subsoil?
A.
A
B.
C
C.
B
D.
O
Question No. 40
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Can the B horizon be cultivated by tillage?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Sometimes
D.
Only in sandy soils
Question No. 41
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What accumulates in the C horizon in arid zones?
A.
Organic matter
B.
Clay
C.
Calcium and magnesium carbonates
D.
Iron oxides
Question No. 42
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What is the parent material from which the solum develops called?
A.
Regolith
B.
Bedrock
C.
C horizon
D.
A horizon
Question No. 43
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What is the term for the unconsolidated material underlying the solum?
A.
Bedrock
B.
Parent rock
C.
C horizon
D.
Regolith
Question No. 44
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Which of the following is NOT a passive factor of soil formation?
A.
Climate
B.
Parent Material
C.
Relief
D.
Time
Question No. 45
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Which of the following is NOT an active factor of soil formation?
A.
Organisms
B.
Climate
C.
Parent Material
D.
Topography
Question No. 46
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Which of the following is NOT a natural factor of soil formation?
A.
Time
B.
Parent Material
C.
Relief
D.
Organisms
Question No. 47
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Which of the following is true about 'Soil'?
A.
Soil is composed only of minerals
B.
Soil is composed of minerals, organic materials, and living forms
C.
Soil is primarily made up of organic materials
D.
Soil is an inert substance
Question No. 48
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What is the study of soil in relation to growth, nutrition, and yield of crops called?
A.
Pedology
B.
Edaphology
C.
Soil Science
D.
Agronomy
Question No. 49
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What is the main constituent of acid rocks like granite?
A.
Silica
B.
Feldspar
C.
Mica
D.
Clay
Question No. 50
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Which of the following rocks is metamorphic?
A.
Granite
B.
Basalt
C.
Gneiss
D.
Limestone
Question No. 51
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Which mineral constitutes about 48% of the Earth's crust?
A.
Quartz
B.
Feldspars
C.
Micas
D.
Calcite
Question No. 52
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What is the primary weathering product of feldspar?
A.
Clay
B.
Silica
C.
Quartz
D.
Mica
Question No. 53
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Which type of mica is known as muscovite?
A.
Potash mica
B.
Magnesium mica
C.
Biotite
D.
Feldspar
Question No. 54
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In which zone of soil formation does the maximum accumulation of materials like iron and aluminum oxides occur?
A.
O horizon
B.
A horizon
C.
B horizon
D.
C horizon
Question No. 55
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Which horizon of soil is known as the organic horizon?
A.
A horizon
B.
O horizon
C.
B horizon
D.
C horizon
Question No. 56
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What is the key feature of the C horizon in soil?
A.
It is the most weathered layer
B.
It contains organic matter
C.
It is the unconsolidated parent material
D.
It is the zone of maximum leaching
Question No. 57
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Which of the following is a passive factor in soil formation?
A.
Climate
B.
Time
C.
Parent material
D.
Organisms
Question No. 58
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In which horizon does the maximum leaching of nutrients occur?
A.
B horizon
B.
A horizon
C.
C horizon
D.
O horizon
Question No. 59
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What is the main difference between Pedology and Edaphology?
A.
Pedology focuses on the properties of soil in relation to crops
B.
Edaphology deals with soil origin and classification
C.
Pedology focuses on the origin and classification of soil
D.
Edaphology is concerned with soil formation
Question No. 60
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What is the parent material of soil?
A.
The organic matter
B.
The unconsolidated material from which soil develops
C.
The weathered surface layer
D.
The clay content
Question No. 61
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Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of pre-existing rocks by heat, pressure, or chemical processes?
A.
Sedimentary rock
B.
Igneous rock
C.
Metamorphic rock
D.
None of the above
Question No. 62
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In which type of rock would you primarily find feldspar?
A.
Igneous rocks
B.
Sedimentary rocks
C.
Metamorphic rocks
D.
Clay rocks
Question No. 63
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How long does it typically take for one inch of soil to form?
A.
100-200 years
B.
200-500 years
C.
500-800 years
D.
800-1000 years
Question No. 64
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the B horizon?
A.
It is a zone of maximum eluviation
B.
It is the organic horizon
C.
It is the zone of maximum illuviation and material accumulation
D.
It is rich in clay minerals
Question No. 65
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Which mineral is commonly associated with the sandy fraction of soil?
A.
Feldspar
B.
Quartz
C.
Mica
D.
Clay
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